Abstract This paper summarizes Kitāb al-Filāḥa (The Book of Agriculture), its authorship context, key agricultural innovations and knowledge it preserves, and its historical impact on agronomy and rural economies across the medieval Islamic world and beyond.

Ibn Bassal was a traveling agronomist who built gardens in Toledo. His work focuses heavily on water management – the qanat (underground canals) and norias (water wheels). A PDF of his work is a goldmine for modern dryland farming.

By engaging with Kitab al-Filaha and related literature, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the history and development of agriculture and veterinary medicine, as well as appreciate the ingenuity and knowledge of medieval Arab agriculturalists.

"كتاب الفلاحة" ابن العوام مخطوطة PDF

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