One of the most exclusive aspects of Santri culture is its relationship with Adat (customary law). Historically, Santri were the vanguard against pre-Islamic mysticism. However, in regions like Lombok, Banten, and South Sulawesi, conflicts have erupted between exclusive orthodox Santri and local indigenous groups (e.g., the Bugis or Dayak ).

Since the 2019 Indonesian election, santri has become a :