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Simultaneously, philosopher Peter Singer—often inaccurately categorized strictly as a rights theorist—introduced "preference utilitarianism" in his 1975 book Animal Liberation . Singer argued that if a being can suffer, their interests must be given equal consideration to the similar interests of a human. Singer does not believe animals possess "rights" in a deontological sense, but his application of utilitarianism leads to a rights-like conclusion: the suffering of an animal cannot be outweighed by the culinary pleasure of a human. Singer’s work launched the modern animal liberation movement, framing speciesism (the assumption of human superiority leading to the exploitation of animals) as a moral equivalent to racism and sexism.