: Highly reactive intermediates used to form esters and amides quickly.
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Chloromethane (CH₃Cl) has 1 carbon. Ethanoic acid (CH₃COOH) has 2 carbons. You must add one carbon . : Highly reactive intermediates used to form esters
: Converting simple hydrocarbons like propene or ethene into complex compounds such as propanone or 1,2-dibromoethane. Chloromethane (CH₃Cl) has 1 carbon
1-bromopropane → propan-1-ol ( NaOH(aq) ) → propanal (oxidation) → but-2-enal (aldol) → butanoic acid. But Chemsheets favors the nitrile route for efficiency.
Introduction
But target was 4-aminobenzoic acid? This shows why synthesis planning must consider directing groups. A correct 4-aminobenzoic acid route: Benzene –(HNO₃/H₂SO₄)→ Nitrobenzene –(Sn/HCl)→ Phenylamine –(CH₃Cl, AlCl₃?) No – amino group reacts with AlCl₃. So protect first? Too complex. Chemsheets often expects: – not right for 4-aminobenzoic acid. The actual simple route: Benzene –(CH₃Cl, AlCl₃)→ Methylbenzene –(KMnO₄)→ Benzoic acid –(HNO₃/H₂SO₄)→ 3-nitrobenzoic acid –(Sn/HCl)→ 3-aminobenzoic acid. To get 4-aminobenzoic acid , you need to start with aniline and protect –NH₂, or start with benzoic acid and nitrate at 4-position, which is impossible due to meta direction. So Chemsheets sometimes uses “wrong” syntheses to test understanding of limitations.